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Silane, with the chemical formula SiH4, is a colorless, flammable gas that is often used in the electronics industry, particularly in the production of semiconductors and photovoltaic cells. It is a simple hydride of silicon and is structurally analogous to methane (CH4). Silane is highly reactive and can spontaneously ignite in air, making it a hazardous substance that requires careful handling.
The production of silane typically involves the reaction of silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4) with hydrogen gas at elevated temperatures. This process yields silane along with hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a byproduct. Silane can also be produced by the thermal decomposition of silanes or by the reaction of metallic silicon with hydrochloric acid.
In addition to its applications in the electronics sector, silane is used in the production of silane-treated glass fibers, which enhance the adhesion of resins to the fibers, improving the mechanical properties of composite materials. It is also employed in the synthesis of various silicone polymers and as a reducing agent in chemical reactions.
Due to its pyrophoric nature, silane must be stored and transported under inert gas conditions to prevent accidental ignition. It is commonly supplied in pressurized cylinders and is handled in accordance with strict safety protocols to mitigate the risks associated with its reactivity.
Silane's key properties include:
Safety measures are paramount when working with silane, as exposure to air can lead to spontaneous combustion, and inhalation of the gas can be harmful to human health. Proper ventilation, personal protective equipment, and emergency response plans are essential for those who handle this reactive gas.
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